新外研版：42篇短文巧記高考英語3500詞（23-B4U5）：發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅
(22-Book4 Unit4）The journey of discovery 發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅
In myths and legends, it’s the gods that created a variety of living things, including humans. However, the theory of evolution, explained by Charles Darwin in On the Origin of Species, completely changed this idea. The young man, regarded as a disgrace to his family by his father, was a geologist and naturalist. Answering the call of a captain, he visited distant countries and collected various samples, including seeds of mangroves, comb-like spines of iguanas, beaks of finches,shells of gianttortoises.
在神話和傳說中，正是眾神創(chuàng)造了包括人類在內(nèi)的各種生物。然而，查爾斯·達(dá)爾文在《物種起源》中解釋的進(jìn)化論徹底改變了這種觀念。這個曾被父親視為家族恥辱的年輕人是一名地質(zhì)學(xué)家和博物學(xué)家。響應(yīng)一位船長的號召，他拜訪遙遠(yuǎn)的國度，收集各種樣本，包括紅樹的種子，鬣蜥梳狀的刺，雀科鳴禽的喙，巨型陸龜?shù)臍ぁ?/p>
On a primitive island whichis renowned worldwide for biodiversity and which several species of goats are native to, Darwin suspected that theirteeth evolved according to what food was available, generating the convincing idea that they had evolved from a common ancestor with unique physical characteristics, and that their population decline is blamed on humans.
在一座因生物多樣性而全世界聞名的原始島嶼上，有幾種山羊原生于此，達(dá)爾文懷疑他們牙齒根據(jù)可獲得的食物而進(jìn)化，并產(chǎn)生了一種令人信服的看法：他們都從帶有獨(dú)特身體特征的共同祖先進(jìn)化而來，并且種群數(shù)量的下降應(yīng)被歸咎于人類。
?。ㄟx背1： Though Darwin’s journey of discovery had ended, diversity on our planet is such that there are still new species and characteristics on Earth remaining to be discovered. For instance, with us long believing that talking plants have been a thing of myths and legends, new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all.
盡管達(dá)爾文的發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅已經(jīng)結(jié)束，我們星球上的多樣性是如此豐富，以至于在地球上依然有新的物種和特征等待著我們?nèi)グl(fā)現(xiàn)。比如，我們一直認(rèn)為會說話的植物只存在于神話傳說中，但新研究揭示了令人驚奇的事實(shí)：植物間似乎確實(shí)可以交流。）
This kind of communication happens when a plant, say a chilli plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant can release chemicals detected by its neighbors, who give off different chemicals to attract wasps to drive away the insects, so that we needn’t pesticides. More surprisingly, around 50 centimetres underground, the roots of all chilli plants are linked by fungi to form a fungal network, which has its own version of cybercrime.
當(dāng)一株植物，比如說一棵辣椒樹，受到昆蟲攻擊時，這種交流就會發(fā)生。這棵辣椒會釋放出能被周圍其他辣椒探測到的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，他們會釋放不同的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來吸引黃蜂趕走昆蟲，因此我們不需要?dú)⑾x劑。更不可思議的是，在地下大約50分米處，所有辣椒樹的根通過真菌連接成了一個真菌的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)也有（植物世界里的）“網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪”。
（選背2： Again for instance, by examining preserved bodies and fossils, scientists have identified bacteria helping with digestion, fungi breaking down dead organic matter and viruses harmful to human immune systems. By doing research on hybrid rice, researchers have developed better types of rice adapting to terrible environment, which can survive temperatures from 50℃ to a below freezing -50℃.
再比如，通過檢查保存下來的尸體和化石，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了促進(jìn)消化的細(xì)菌，能分解死亡有機(jī)物的真菌，以及傷害人體免疫系統(tǒng)的病毒。通過研究雜交水稻，研究者們已經(jīng)研發(fā)出了適應(yīng)惡劣環(huán)境的更優(yōu)品種的水稻，可以在50℃到-50℃的溫度下生存。)
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